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Surface finishing

Tools made of high speed steel or carbide because of their generally good basic properties are supplied with a bright finish without extra surface treatment. For special applications it is recommended that tools are optimised for diverse applications by surface finishing processes, to achieve the following goals:

Cutting Tools 1

Surface finishing benefits at a glance

– Extended service life – Lower cutting pressure – Higher cutting speeds and feed rates

Wear- and diffusion resistance Hardness, toughness Heat hardness, oxidation stability Hardness, toughness, wear resistance Lower slippage resistance Hardness, wear resistance on cast iron Extreme hardness, extreme heat resistance Lower slippage resistance, high wear resistance High hardness, low friction coefficient

TiN

TiCN

– Better surface quality – Better dry processing – Optimised hard processing

TiAlN

AlTiN

Fire

Steam

Nitrated

Titanium-nitride coating TiN Titanium-nitride is a gold-coloured protective layer applied by a PVD process (Physical Vapour Deposition). Higher hardness combined with a lower friction coefficient achieves a significantly longer service life and improved cutting performance. The TiN coating is primarily used for drills and thread bores. Titanium carbon-nitride coating TiCN Titanium carbon-nitride is a wear-protection layer applied by PVD, being harder than TiN and having a lower friction coefficient. Tool performance is increased through greater hardness and ductility combined with improved wear. The TiCN coating is primarily used for NC drill bits, thread bores and end mills Titanium aluminium-nitride coating TiAlN Titanium aluminium-nitride is a multi-layer ceramic coating applied using the PVD method. The resulting greater hardness and oxidation stability make this coating ideal for higher speeds and feed rates for extended tool life. The TiAlN coating is used mainly in drilling and milling machine processes, and is also recommended for dry processing. Aluminium titanium-nitride coating AlTiN Aluminium titanium nitride has a higher Al content compared to titanium aluminium nitride. This ensures an even higher oxidation resistance and has a greater layer hardness. The AlTiN coating is used mainly in drilling and milling machine processes, and is also recommended for dry processing. Zirconium nitride coating ZrN Zirconium nitride is suitable for machining non-ferrous materials, and especially for aluminium alloys. This coating is not good for cold welding of aluminium. Associated with high layer hardness and oxidation resistance are advantages that increase tool service life and effective feed rate and cutting speed.

Sirius

Fire coating (TiAIN/TiN)

Fire

Fire is a TiAIN/TiN multi-layer coating with a gradient structure. The combined benefits of TiAlN and TiN coatings are very good wear resistance with high thermal stability, hardness and toughness. In addition to the conventional wet application, this layer can also be used for minimum quantity lubrication and dry machining. Fire coating is suitable for all spiral drills, thread bores and end mills, as well as removable discs. Steam tempering steam Steam tempering is a form of surface processing which reduces slide resistance and prevents edge build-up. Cold welding can also be avoided. Steam tempering is primarily used with drills and thread bores. Nitriding Nitrated Nitriding is a surface machining process that increases hardness and wear resistance. Particularly for working with highly abrasive materials such as cast iron, which nitriding is particularly suitable for. Nitriding is primarily used with drills and thread bores. Signum coating (TiALN/SiN) Signum Due to the special nano-composite structure with a protective layer of TiALN and SiN, this coating, with 5500 HV, is one of the hardest on the market. Particularly for difficult-to-machine materials. High heat wear resistance combined with high diffusion resistance. Sirius coating (TiAlN/zirconium nitride) Sirius Sirius coating for the protection against damages to the thread cutter: the combination of TiAlN and zirconium nitride generates particularly tough tool surface with low friction values.

Surface finishing processes compared

Surface

Colour

Coating structure

Thickness

Hardness

Friction coefficient

Application

finish

µm

HV

versus steel temperature

gold-yellow light brown

single-layer multi-layered multi-layered multi-layered

1–4 1–4

2300 3000 3200 3300 1300 5500 3400 3400 400

0.50 0.40 0.55 0.60

max. 600 C° max. 400 C° max. 750 C° max. 850 C° max. 550 C° max. 550 C° max. 800 C° max. 800 C° max. 900 C°

TiN

TiCN

violet

3

TiAlN

AITiN

red

2–6

Fire

grey

surface treatment surface treatment

max. 5

– –

Steam Nitrated

silver-grey red-bronze pale gold light-gold

20

multi-layered multi-layered

1–5 1–5

0.55 0.40 0.50

Signum

Sirius

multi-layer

0.1–3

ZrN

1/3